Puffed zaub mov yog tsim los ntawm cov nplej, qos yaj ywm, los yog taum, ua tiav los ntawm lub siab, cua sov, los yog extrusion los hloov lawv cov qauv thiab ntim, uas ua rau ib tug ntxeem tau thiab fluffy zoo nkauj. Tab sis dab tsi ua khawv koob muaj qhov hloov pauv cov khoom xyaw xws li pob kws, hom qoob mog, qos yaj ywm, thiab mov rau hauv ntau yam duab- puag ncig, daim duab peb sab, kauv, lub hnub qub- zoo li - thiab muab lawv lub ntsej muag crispy, crunchy zoo nkauj? Ib tug xibfwb los ntawm Department of Food Science ntawm Fu Jen Catholic University taw qhia tias kom nkag siab txog puffing, peb tuaj yeem pib los ntawm kev piav qhia lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm paj kws. Popcorn yog tsim los ntawm cov pob kws tawv, qhuav pob kws, ua haujlwm zoo li lub siab cooker. Thaum rhuab, cov dej noo sab hauv ntawm cov ntsiav nce siab, thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud ua qhov hluav taws xob siab. Cov dej kub ntawm cov qhov hluav taws xob no, vim qhov txo qis, tam sim ntawd tig mus rau hauv chav thiab nthuav dav, yuam kom qhib lub pob kws pob kws plhaub thiab extruding cov mos mos, gelatinous muab tshuaj txhuam ua los ntawm gelatinized starch granules nyob rau hauv lub kernel.
Vim tias cov dej vapor hauv cov pob kws nthuav dav tam sim ntawd los ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus, zoo li cov foob pob me me tawg ib txhij, nws tsim ntau cov npuas me me hauv cov ntsiav, ua rau nws tag nrho ntim. Tom qab popping, cov npuas no sib koom ua ke, txias, thiab solidify, thaum cov dej vapor evaporates, txo cov dej noo. Ameslikas mos, gelatinous batter hloov mus rau hauv zoo nkauj, paj kws dawb. Yog li ntawd, cua sov, thiab tej zaum kuj pressurizing, cov khoom xyaw uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab dej ua rau cov dej vapor nthuav cov zaub mov tus qauv (lub popping ntawm paj kws), ib tug series ntawm cov tshuaj, hu ua puffing. Txoj kev popcorn yog tsim los siv tib txoj cai, qhov txawv yog tias nws tsis muaj lub plhaub tawv tawv; lub siab yog los ntawm lub siab cooker. Lub suab nrov nrov ntawm paj kws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm sai sai thaum lub tshuab ua kom siab qhib, ua rau cov dej hauv cov kernels tam sim ntawd tig mus rau hauv cov pa roj, thiab lub siab - cov pa roj hauv siab tsis tuaj yeem khiav hauv lub sijhawm, ua lub suab.
Hauv cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus, extruders feem ntau yog siv los tsim ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus. Tsis zoo li lub siab cookers rau paj kws, extruders tuaj yeem txais cov ntaub ntawv nyoos lossis hmoov hmoov thiab sib xyaw ua haujlwm xws li sib tov, kneading, thiab steaming. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tsim peb - cov duab me me xws li tsiaj thiab tsiaj ntawv siv cov pwm sib txawv. Vim tias cov txheej txheem kuj tseem muaj cua sov thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, nrog rau txo cov dej noo, cov khoom noj puffed tuaj yeem muaj lub neej txee ntev dua yam tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob. Puffed zaub mov tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom raws li lawv txoj kev tsim khoom:
1. Direct extrusion puffing, cov khoom siv xws li "Guai Guai" (ib hom khoom noj txom ncauj puffed) thiab pob kws sticks. Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv raw yog tov los ntawm lub tshuab tig ncej, lawv tau sai sheared thiab rhuab los ntawm chav kom muab lub siab kub thiab siab xav tau rau puffing nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yog extruded los ntawm cov pwm tshwj xeeb thiab txiav rau hauv cov duab uas xav tau los ntawm lub tshuab txiav. Cov txheej txheem extrusion ua rau cov nyhuv fluffy vim qhov ntsuas kub thiab qhov siab. Tom qab ntawd ci ntxiv.
2. Indirect extrusion puffing, cov khoom siv xws li "Bao Ka Ka," "Kola Guo," "Man Tian Xing," thiab nplej crackers (Senbei). Lub extruder muab kev sib tov, steaming, thiab shaping zog, thaum puffing tiav los ntawm ci, kib, los yog microwave cua sov. Txoj kev no tso cai rau cov khoom noj puffed kom muaj ntau yam textures thiab flavors, tsim kom muaj kev noj haus tshwj xeeb.
Thaum puffing yog qhov tseem ceeb, cov theem tom ntej ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj txom ncauj uas tsis tuaj yeem. Piv txwv li, txau cov roj rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ua ntej ci tshem tawm qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom kib, ua tiav cov kev ntxhib los mos. Yog li ntawd, ib yam khoom uas sau tias "tsis yog- kib" tsuas yog qhia tias nws tsis tau dhau los ua kib, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj roj tsawg. Ntau tus neeg tau ceev faj txog roj, tab sis los ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov roj yeej ua tau ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov paj kws ua paj kws, cov roj zoo ua raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov cua sov hloov mus rau qhov nruab nrab, kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias cua sov ntawm cov pob kws qhuav thiab txo qhov kub hauv zos; ntxiv roj thaum lub sij hawm sib tov thiab extrusion ntawm cov khoom xyaw tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev nyuaj heev; nyob rau hauv indirect extrusion puffing txheej txheem, frying ua rau cov khoom puff li, tsim ib tug tuab, crispy zoo nkauj; txau cov roj thaum lub sij hawm seasoning tso cai rau seasoning hmoov ua raws tusyees rau saum npoo; thiab siv cov roj xws li butter thiab txiv maj phaub roj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom.
Puffed zaub mov feem ntau muaj ntau cov ntsev thiab qab zib, uas feem ntau ua haujlwm ob txoj haujlwm: kho qhov tsw thiab tswj cov qib ntawm puffing thiab porosity ntawm cov khoom tiav. Txij li thaum puffing cia siab rau gelatinization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm dej thiab hmoov txhuv nplej siab, ntxiv me me dej -soluble qab zib thiab ntsev rau cov khoom xyaw tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom noj txom ncauj. Dhau li ntawm cov roj, qab zib, thiab ntsev, koj yuav pom ntau yam khoom noj ntxiv uas tau teev tseg hauv cov ntim khoom noj txom ncauj. Vim li cas thiaj xav tau cov khoom noj ntxiv? Cov khoom noj khoom haus tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj antioxidants, xws li tocopherol (feem ntau hu ua vitamin E), uas tiv thaiv cov roj oxidation. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv me me ntawm cov kev txhim kho zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv clumping thaum sib tov thiab ua noj, kho cov zaub mov acidity, thiab xyuas kom meej tias txawm tias sib xyaw cov rog thiab dej; piv txwv xws li silica, glucono-delta-lactone, phosphates, thiab calcium carbonate. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau hom khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv nrog cov haujlwm no, thiab yuav ua li cas los ua ke kom zoo yog cov mis tsis pub leejtwg paub rau cov tuam txhab.
